Meteorologia - Cursos, Livros e Manuais (online)

Vince

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MetEd - Meteorology Education & Training


A maioria dos modulos são em inglês, mas também existem alguns em espanhol.
Os modulos organizam-se nestes tópicos:

# Aviation Weather
# Climate
# Coastal Weather
# Convective Weather
# Emergency Mgmnt
# Fire Weather
# Fog and Low Stratus
# Hurricanes/Tropical
# Hydrology/Flooding
# Marine Met/Oceans
# Mesoscale Met
# Mountain Met
# NWP (Modeling)
# QPF (Precipitation)
# Radar Meteorology
# Satellite Meteorology
# Space Weather
# Winter Weather
# Other

Módulos:

A Convective Storm Matrix: Buoyancy/Shear Dependencies
A Social Science Perspective on Flood Events
Advances in Microwave Remote Sensing: Ocean Wind Speed and Direction
An Introduction to Ensemble Streamflow Prediction
An Introduction to POES Data and Products
An Introduction to the EUMETSAT Polar System
An MCS Matrix
Anticipating Convective Storm Structure and Evolution
Anticipating Hazardous Weather and Community Risk
Applying Diagnostic and Forecast Tools: Forecasting Fog and Low Stratus
Assessing Climatology in Fog/Stratus Forecasting
Australian Warm-season Severe Thunderstorm Case Studies
Barrier Jet Forecasting: Eastern Foothills and High Plains of Colorado, 17-20 March 2003
Basic Terminal Forecast Strategies
Blowing Snow: Baker Lake, Nunavut, Canada 04-10 February 2003
Boundary Detection and Convection Initiation
CAMEO/HYSPLIT
Canadian EPV Charts
Case Study: A New England Fog Event
Case Study: A Northern Plains Cold-Air Outbreak Event
Challenges of Forecasting in the West
Coastally Trapped Wind Reversals
Cold Air Damming
COMAP Symposium on Numerical Weather Prediction: Presentation Archive
Community Hurricane Preparedness
Conceptual Models of Tropical Waves
Creating a Local Climate Product Using Composite Analysis
Customer Impacts: Forecasting Fog and Low Stratus
Definition of the Mesoscale
Deformation Zone Analysis
Determining Visibility
Diagnosing and Forecasting Extratropical Transition: A Case Exercise on Hurricane Michael
Dispersion Basics
Dust Enhancement Techniques Using MODIS and SeaWiFS
Dynamic Feature Identification: The Satellite Palette
Dynamically Forced Fog
Dynamics & Microphysics of Cool-Season Orographic Storms
Ensemble Forecasting Explained
Ensemble Prediction System Matrix: Characteristics of Operational Ensemble Prediction Systems (EPS)
ENSO and Beyond
Extratropical Cyclones
Feature Identification Exercises: Clouds, Snow, and Ice Using MODIS
Feature Identification Using Environmental Satellites
Fire Weather
Flash Flood Processes
Flood Frequency Analysis
Flow Interaction with Topography
Fog and Stratus Forecast Approaches
Forecast Process
Forecasting Aviation Icing: Icing Type and Severity
Forecasting Dust Storms
Forecasting Radiation Fog
FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC
Freezing and Melting, Precipitation Type, and Numerical Weather Prediction
From mm to cm... Study of snow/liquid water ratios in Quebec
Gap Winds
Heavy Banded Snow
Heavy Precipitation and Flash Flooding
How Mesoscale Models Work
How Models Produce Precipitation & Clouds
Hurricane Strike!™
Hurricanes Canadian Style: Extratropical Transition
Hydrology for the Meteorologist: Basic Hydrology for Headwater Forecasting
Hydrology for the Meteorologist: The Headwater Forecast Process
Icing Assessment Using Observations and Pilot Reports
Icing Assessment Using Soundings and Wind Profiles
Imaging with NPOESS VIIRS: A Convergence of Technologies and Experience
Impact of Model Structure & Dynamics
In-depth Physics Lessons
Influence of Model Physics on NWP Forecasts
Intelligent Use of Model-Derived Products
Introduction to Ensemble Prediction
Introduction to Fire Behavior: Influences of Topography, Fuels, and Weather on Fire Ignition and Spread
Introduction to Ocean Tides
Inverted Troughs and Their Associated Precipitation Regimes
Inverted Troughs Case Exercise
Isentropic Analysis
Jet Streak Circulations
Landfalling Fronts and Cyclones
Lectures on Radar Applications in Mesoscale Meteorology
Local Influences on Fog and Low Stratus
Low-Level Coastal Jets
Marine Meteorology
Marine Wave Model Matrix
Mesoscale Aspects of Winter Weather Forecasting Topics
Mesoscale Banded Precipitation
Mesoscale Convective Systems: Squall Lines and Bow Echoes
Mesoscale Meteorology: A Primer (A Module Collection)
Microwave Remote Sensing Resources
Microwave Remote Sensing: Clouds, Precipitation, and Water Vapor
Microwave Remote Sensing: Overview
Model Fundamentals
Mountain Waves and Downslope Winds
NexSat: Preparing Users for the NPOESS/VIIRS Era
NPOESS: The Next Generation Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite Program
Numerical Weather Prediction
Ocean Effect Snow: New England Snow Storm, 14 January 1999
Operational Models Matrix: Characteristics of Operational NWP Models
Operational Satellite Derived Tropical Rainfall Potential (TRaP)
PBL in Complex Terrain - Part 1
PBL in Complex Terrain - Part 2
Physics of the Aurora: Earth Systems
Polar Lows Ungava Bay 01 December 2000
Polar Satellite Products for the Operational Forecaster (POES) Module 1: POES Introduction
Polar Satellite Products for the Operational Forecaster (POES) Module 2: Microwave Products and Applications
Polar Satellite Products for the Operational Forecaster (POES) Module 3: Case Studies
Polar Satellite Products for the Operational Forecaster (POES) Module 4: Soundings
Polar Satellite Products for the Operational Forecaster: Microwave Analysis of Tropical Cyclones
Precipitation Type: New Brunswick, 01-03 February 2003
Predicting Supercell Motion Using Hodograph Techniques
Principles of Convection I: Buoyancy and CAPE
Principles of Convection II: Using Hodographs
Principles of Convection III: Shear and Convective Storms
Quantitative Precipitation Forecasting Overview
Radiation Fog
Rain Gauges: Are They Really Ground Truth?
Remote Sensing of Land, Oceans, and Atmosphere with MODIS
Remote Sensing of Ocean Wind Speed and Direction: An Introduction to Scatterometry
Remote Sensing Using Satellites
Review of GOES IR Imagery Including Winter and Icing Applications
Rip Currents: Forecasting
Rip Currents: Nearshore Fundamentals
Rip Currents: NWS Mission and Partnerships
River Forecasting Case Study
River Ice Processes
Runoff Processes
Satellite Meteorology: Case Studies Using GOES Imager Data
Satellite Meteorology: GOES Channel Selection
Satellite Meteorology: Introduction to Using the GOES Sounder
Satellite Meteorology: Remote Sensing Using the New GOES Imager
Satellite Meteorology: Using the GOES Sounder
Seasonal Forecast Problems Refresher Training
Severe Convection II: Mesoscale Convective Systems
Shallow Water Waves
Should Synopticians Worry About Climate?
Skew-T Mastery
Slantwise Convection Case Exercise
Slantwise Convection: An Operational Approach
Snowmelt Processes
Space Weather Basics
Space Weather: Welcome, SEC
Streamflow Routing
Supporting Military Emergency Response During Hazardous Releases
Synoptic Weather Considerations: Forecasting Fog and Low Stratus
Ten Common NWP Misconceptions
The Balancing Act of Geostrophic Adjustment
The El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Cycle
The Impact of Weather on Air Traffic Management
The Madden-Julian Oscillation Life Cycle
The NCEP NAM WRF Model (Full version)
The NCEP NAM WRF Model (Short version)
The NPOESS Science Advisory Team
The NPP Data Exchange Toolkit (NEXT)
The Role of the MJO in Oceanic and Atmospheric Variability
The Science of Global Climate Change and Human Influences
The SPoRT Center – Infusing NASA Technology Into NWS WFO
The Use and Misuse of Conditional Symmetric Instability
Thermally-forced Circulation I: Sea Breezes
Thermally-forced Circulation II: Mountain/Valley Breezes
Top Ten Misconceptions about NWP Models: Teletraining Archive
Topics in Lake Effect Snow Forecasting
Topics in Polar Low Forecasting
Topics in Precipitation Type Forecasting
Trainer Materials for the Symposium on Numerical Weather Prediction
Understanding Data Assimilation: How Models Create Their Initial Conditions
Understanding Marine Customers
Understanding the Hydrologic Cycle
Unit Hydrograph Theory
Urban Flooding: It Can Happen in a Flash!
Using the WRF Mesoscale Model
Visible and Infrared Dust Detection Techniques
Vorticity Maxima and Comma Patterns
Vorticity Minima and Anticomma Patterns
Watersheds: Connecting Weather to the Environment
Wave Life Cycle I: Generation
Wave Life Cycle II: Propagation & Dispersion
Wave Types and Characteristics
West Coast Fog
What Can You Expect From the Eta-12?
Winds in the Marine Boundary Layer: A Forecaster's Guide
Workshop on Doppler Radar Interpretation
Writing Effective TAFs


Link:
http://www.meted.ucar.edu/ (requer registo, mas é gratuito)
 


Vince

Furacão
Registo
23 Jan 2007
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Braga
THE ULTIMATE WEATHER EDUCATION WEBSITE

WEATHER FORECASTING PHILOSOPHY

1. BEING YOUR OWN FORECASTER
2. ADDING MEANING TO A FORECAST
3. PEOPLE AND WEATHER FORECASTING
4. FORECASTING MISCONCEPTIONS
5. FORECASTING MISTAKES


BASIC METEOROLOGY TOPICS

Principle Topics
1. IMPORTANT CONVERSIONS
2. Z TIME
3. ISOPLETHS
4. SURFACE AND UPPER AIR OBSERVATIONS
5. IMPORTANT METEOROLOGICAL EQUATIONS
6. HIGH AND LOW PRESSURE TYPES

Additional Topics
1. BROADCAST METEOROLOGY TERMINOLOGY
2. AIR MASS CLASSIFICATION
3. TRANSPORTATION HAZARDS
4. SURFACE STATION PLOT INTERPRETATION
5. FORECASTING CLOUDS
6. THE PLANETARY BOUNDARY LAYER
7. ORDER OF LINKS IN WEATHER PREDICTION BOOK


WEATHER ANALYSIS AND PREDICTION CHARTS

THE SURFACE CHART
THE 850 MB CHART
THE 700 MB CHART
THE 500 MB CHART
THE 300/200 MB CHART
CHART QUIZ

WEATHER FORECAST MODELS

HABY'S FORECAST MODEL INTERPETATION GUIDE
UNISYS FORECAST MODEL INTERPETATION GUIDE
SYNOPTIC SCALE MODEL LIMITATIONS
THE PITFALLS OF MOS DATA
DECODING FOUS DATA
DECODING METAR DATA
DECODING NGM MOS DATA
DECODING AVN MOS DATA
DECODING ETA MOS DATA
DECODING MRF MOS DATA
MODEL BIASES

WEATHER ANALYSIS
COMMON ANALYSIS CHARTS
WEATHER ANALYSIS / FORECASTING TIPS


BECOMING A GREAT FORECASTER

INTRODUCTION TO MODEL MOS
PART 1: ADVECTION ALOFT AND SURFACE TEMPERATURE
PART 2: UPSTREAM CONDITIONS
PART 3: STRONG RADIATIONAL COOLING
PART 4: TIMING A FRONT
PART 5: OCEAN AND LAKE INFLUENCE
PART 6: BEWARE THE DARN CLOUDS
PART 7: DON'T FRET OVER LOW POP AND LOW QPF
PART 8: TIMING PRECIPITATION
PART 9: TAKING MODEL CONSENSUS
PART 10: SYNTHESIS


POPULAR HABY HINTS

1. UNDERSTANDING LATENT HEAT
2. THE SIMPLIFIED OMEGA EQUATION (THERMAL ADVECTION TERM)
3. THE SIMPLIFIED OMEGA EQUATION (VORTICITY ADVECTION TERM)
4. 10 POPULAR WEBSITES FOR REALTIME U.S. WEATHER DATA
5. COLD AIR DAMMING EXAMPLE
6. FORECASTING ICING ON ROADS
7. THE 540 LINE AND PRECIPITATION TYPE
8. WARMING AND COOLING OF THE EARTH'S SURFACE
9. USEFULNESS AND USELESSNESS OF RELATIVE HUMIDITY
10. CONVECTIVE INSTABILITY DEFINITION AND EXAMPLE
11. PRECIPITATION EFFECT ON WET-BULBING OUT PROCESS
12. INTERPRETATION OF AVERAGE HIGH AND LOW TEMPERATURE
13. SEVERE WEATHER VERSUS FRONTAL TYPE
14. VEERING AND BACKING WIND DEFINED
15. THE INVERSION
16. CAN IT BE TOO COLD TO SNOW?
17. WHAT CAUSES THUNDERSNOW?
18. WHAT IS DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ICE FOG AND FREEZING FOG?
19. THE SOIL MOISTURE'S IMPACT ON WEATHER PREDICTION
20. NORTHERN HEMISPHERE MID-LATITUDE SEASONS
21. THE RATE OF A SNOWFLAKE MELTING AS IT FALLS
22. CONVERSIONS USING THE DOMINANT TEMPERATURE SCALES
23. DEFINING A "VORT MAX" AND A "VORT LOBE"
24. KNOTS, PLUS OTHER WIND INFORMATION
25. WHAT CAUSES GIANT SNOWFLAKES?
26. WHAT IS A "NEGATIVELY TILTED TROUGH"?
27. WAA VS. LOCAL HEATING ON THE 850 MB FORECAST MODELS
28. USING PERCENTAGES IN FORECASTS
29. WIDESPREAD VERSUS WIDELY SCATTERED
30. CLOUD COVERAGE METHODS
31. EXPLAINING DEWPOINT AND RELATIVE HUMIDITY TO THE PUBLIC
32. THE EFFECT OF VORTICITY ADVECTION ON HEIGHT CHANGE
33. TYPES OF ICE TO SCRAPE OFF THE CAR
34. THE LEVEL IN THE TROPOSPHERE WITH THE GREATEST HEIGHT FALLS
35. COMPARING THE DENSITY OF AIR TO WATER
36. SUNBURN / TANNING MYTHS EXPOSED
37. INTERPRETATION OF UVV ON SYNOPTIC MODELS
38. OPERATIONAL INTERPRETATION OF 500 MB DPVA
39. RADAR CHARACTERISTICS OF SUPERCELLS
40. WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ACCURACY AND PRECISION?
41. WHAT ARE ANOMALOUS PROPAGATION AND FALSE ECHOS?
42. JET STREAK WIND AND JET STREAK MOVEMENT
43. FORECASTING HIGHS AND LOWS USING MOS
44. FORECASTING SURFACE HIGH USING 850-mb TEMP
45. THE TOP 5 REASONS POLAR AREAS ARE COLD
46. WEATHER AND BASEBALL FLIGHT
47. INSIDE RH AS A FUNCTION OF OUTSIDE WEATHER
48. TEXAS DRYLINE PROPAGATION ON MODELS
49. REASONS FOR UNSTABLE LIFTED INDEX
50. LOCATING A FRONTAL BOUNDARY

THERMODYNAMICS AND FORECASTING

1. INGREDIENTS FOR THUNDERSTORMS AND SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS
2. SHEAR AND THUNDERSTORM TYPE
3. WIND SHEAR AND SUPERCELLS
4. EVALUATING TROPOSPHERIC MOISTURE
5. APPLYING TROPOSPHERIC MOISTURE TO FORECASTING
6. WHY IS MOIST AIR LESS DENSE THAN DRY AIR AT SAME TEMP?
7. WHY THE MALR IS NOT A CONSTANT
8. THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE LCL AND CCL
9. POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE AND THETA-E
10. NEGATIVE BOUYANCY AND THE CAP ON SKEW-T
11. THE EL AND MPL
12. OPERATIONAL USES OF THE LAYER SLICE METHOD
13. ELEVATED CONVECTION
14. PREDICTING HAIL WITH THE SKEW-T
15. EXACT LOCATION OF THUNDERSTORM DEVELOPMENT


INFORMATION ON FORECASTING THE FOLLOWING TOPICS

DEW
FROST
RADIATION
FOG
VIRGA
HAIL
THUNDERSNOW
FLASH FLOODING
LIGHTNING
ICING
SLEET
FREEZING
RAIN
WINTER WX
DERECHO
HEAT BURST
OROGRAPHICS
WHITE X-MAS
DROUGHT
SMOG
ISENTROPIC LIFT
COL
THE CAP
700 MB CAP
ADVECTION FOG
TOPOGRAPHIC LIFT


UNIQUE PROCESSES AND DEFINITIONS

DIFFERENTIAL ADVECTION
SQUALL LINE
HOOK ECHO
THERMAL TROUGH
SHORTWAVE
DIG AND DEEPEN
ISOTHERMAL LAYER
UVV MAX
POLAR VORTEX
INVERTED TROUGH
UPPER LEVEL LOW
SUPERADIABATIC
MOISTURE TONGUE
GRAVITY WAVE
VERTICAL TILT
BOMBOGENESIS
CONVECTIVE INSTABILITY
VORT MAX / LOBE
COLD AIR FUNNEL
DRYLINE BULGE
THERMAL LOW
CHINOOK
THE BRIGHT BAND
DECOUPLING


Link:
http://www.theweatherprediction.com/
 

rossby

Cumulus
Registo
10 Mar 2007
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159
Local
Ponta Delgada - São Miguel
Re: Cursos online e gratuitos

BOA :thumbsup:

Este aqui não precisa de registo:

http://www.eumetcal.org.uk/college/trainmat.htm


* umetcal modules
+ Polar lows
+ Rapid cyclogenesis
+ Forecast Verification
+ Cyclogenesis in the Mediterranean

* Euromet

+ Satellite Meteorology
+ Numerical wheather prediction

* EUMeTrain
*
+ SatManu
+ Case studies
+ EPS guide

* MetOffice
*
+ Auto observation weather codes
+ Interpreting water vapour imagery
+ Sandstorm

* COMET
*
+ MetEd modules listing

* EUMETSAT
*
+ Tropical Cyclones (ASMET4)
+ Fog detection and monitoring by Meteosat-8
+ Transfer topics
+ Scatter plots and point clouds
+ Introduction to Meteosat 8
+ Solar Channels
+ Water vapour channels
 

Vince

Furacão
Registo
23 Jan 2007
Mensagens
10,624
Local
Braga
Re: Como se formam os fenómenos meteorológicos

METEOROLOGIA SINÓTICA
UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO
INSTITUTO DE ASTRONOMIA, GEOFÍSICA E CIÊNCIAS ATMOSFÉRICAS
DEPARTAMENTO DE CIÊNCIAS ATMOSFÉRICAS


1. O QUE É METEOROLOGIA SINÓTICA ?
2. ESTRUTURA GERAL DA ATMOSFERA
3. CLIMATOLOGIA DA TROPOSFERA DA AMÉRICA DO SUL
4. O CLIMA DO BRASIL
5. TIPOS DE NUVENS E SUA RELAÇÃO COM O QUADRO SINÓTICO
6. REVISÃO DE CONCEITOS DA TEORIA QUASE-GEOSTRÓFICA
7. MODELOS CONCEITUAIS DE SISTEMAS DE PRECIPITAÇÃO
8. ANÁLISE DA ESTABILIDADE
9. FRENTES E FRONTOGÊNESE
10. CICLONES E CICLOGÊNESE
11. NEVOEIRO
12. GEADAS
13. CONVECÇÃO AMAZÔNICA E ALTA DA BOLÍVIA
14. A ZONA DE CONVERGÊNCIA DO ATLÂNTICO SUL
15. ZONA DE CONVERGÊNCIA INTERTROPICAL
16. ONDAS DE LESTE
17. BRISA MARÍTIMA/TERRESTRE E VALE/MONTANHA
18. COMPLEXOS CONVECTIVOS DE MESOESCALA
19. LINHAS DE INSTABILIDADE
20. BLOQUEIOS

http://www.master.iag.usp.br/ensino/Sinotica/INDICE/INDICE.HTML

----------------

Fotointerpretação
Esta página tem a função de auxiliar o usuário a interpretar e reconhecer algumas formações na atmosfera que são detectadas pelo satélite.

Latitudes Médias
Cristas
Cavados
Centros de Vorticidade
Correntes de Jato
Ciclones Extratropicais
Frentes
Massas de Ar

Sistemas Tropicais
ZCIT
Ciclones Tropicais
Correntes de Jato Subtropicais
Alta da Bolívia

Sistemas de Mesoescala
Linhas de Instabilidade
CCMs

http://www.master.iag.usp.br/ensino/Sinotica/INDICE/INDICE.HTML


-------------

METEOROLOGIA POR SATELITE

1. Investigacao de nuvens por satelite
2. Obtencao de ventos e sua relacao com os sistemas dinamicos
3. Sistemas de mesoescala


http://www.icess.ucsb.edu/gem/met__satelite.htm

-------------
 

Vince

Furacão
Registo
23 Jan 2007
Mensagens
10,624
Local
Braga
Re: Como se formam os fenómenos meteorológicos

Meteorologia Básica - Notas de Aula
Prof. Alice Marlene Grimm

1) INTRODUÇÃO À METEOROLOGIA

QUE É METEOROLOGIA ?
A ATMOSFERA

2) RADIAÇÃO SOLAR E TERRESTRE. BALANÇO DE CALOR.

MOVIMENTOS DA TERRA, ESTAÇÕES.
RADIAÇÃO ELETROMAGÉTICA
ABSORÇÃO E EMISSÃO DE RADIAÇÃO POR MOLÉCULAS
DESCRIÇÃO QUANTITATIVA DA RADIAÇÃO
LEIS DE RADIAÇÃO (PARA CORPOS NEGROS)
DISTRIBUIÇÃO DA RADIAÇÃO
RADIAÇÃO SOLAR INCIDENTE
RADIAÇÃO TERRESTRE
MECANISMOS DE TRANSFERÊNCIA DE CALOR
BALANÇO GLOBAL DE CALOR
BALANÇO DE CALOR LATITUDINAL
MEDIDA DE RADIAÇÃO

3) TEMPERATURA

CALOR E TEMPERATURA
ESCALAS DE TEMPERATURAS
MEDIDA DA TEMPERATURA
ÍNDICES DE DESCONFORTO HUMANO
CONTROLES DA TEMPERATURA
DISTRIBUIÇÃO GLOBAL DE TEMPERATURAS

4) PRESSÃO ATMOSFÉRICA

DEFINIÇÃO
A LEI DOS GASES IDEAIS
VARIAÇÃO COM A ALTITUDE
VARIAÇÕES HORIZONTAIS
INFLUÊNCIA DA TEMPERATURA E DO VAPOR D’ÁGUA
DIVERGÊNCIA E CONVERGÊNCIA ALTAS E BAIXAS
MEDIDAS DE PRESSÃO ATMOSFÉRICA

5) UMIDADE, CONDENSAÇÃO E ESTABILIDADE ATMOSFÉRICA

O CICLO HIDROLÓGICO
MUDANÇAS DE ESTADO
UMIDADE
PRESSÃO DE VAPOR, UMIDADE ABSOLUTA, RAZÃO DE MISTURA
SATURAÇÃO
UMIDADE RELATIVA PROBLEMAS
TEMPERATURA VIRTUAL E A LEI DOS GASES IDEAIS PARA O AR ÚMIDO
PROBLEMA
MEDIDAS DE UMIDADE
VARIAÇÕES ADIABÁTICAS DE TEMPERATURA
A PRIMEIRA LEI DA TERMODINÂMICA
PROCESSOS ADIABÁTICOS
TEMPERATURA POTENCIAL ESTABILIDADE
DETERMINAÇÃO DA ESTABILIDADE
INVERSÕES DE TEMPERATURA E POLUIÇÃO DO AR
VARIAÇÕES DE ESTABILIDADE LEVANTAMENTO FORÇADO

6) CONDENSAÇÃO, NUVENS E PRECIPITAÇÃO

PROCESSOS DE SATURAÇÃO EM BAIXOS NÍVEIS
ORVALHO E GEADA
NEVOEIRO NUVENS
FORMAÇÃO DE NUVENS
CLASSIFICAÇÃO DE NUVENS FORMAÇÃO DE PRECIPITAÇÃO
O PROCESSO DE BERGERON
PROCESSO DE COLISÃO - COALESCÊNCIA MEDIDAS DE PRECIPITAÇÃO

7) O VENTO

FORÇAS QUE AFETAM O VENTO
FORÇA DE GRADIENTE DE PRESSÃO
FORÇA DE CORIOLIS
O VENTO GEOSTRÓFICO
PROBLEMA
O VENTO GRADIENTE
PROBLEMA
VENTOS NA CAMADA DE ATRITO (PRÓXIMO À SUPERFÍCIE)
COMO OS VENTOS GERAM MOVIMENTO VERTICAL
MEDIDAS DO VENTO

8) CIRCULAÇÃO GLOBAL

CIRCULAÇÃO GLOBAL IDEALIZADA
DISTRIBUIÇÕES OBSERVADAS DE VENTO E PRESSÃO NA SUPERFÍCIE
OS VENTOS DE OESTE
POR QUE DE OESTE?
CORRENTES DE JATO
ONDAS NOS VENTOS DE OESTE

(c) Departamento Fisica - Universidade Federal do Paraná
 

Vince

Furacão
Registo
23 Jan 2007
Mensagens
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Braga
Online Meteorology Guide

The Online Meteorology Guide is a collection of web-based instructional modules that use multimedia technology and the dynamic capabilities of the web. These resources incorporate text, colorful diagrams, animations, computer simulations, audio and video to introduce fundamental concepts in the atmospheric sciences. Selected pages link to (or will soon link to) relevant classroom activities and current weather products to reinforce topics discussed in the modules and allow the user to apply what has been learned to real-time weather data. Available modules include:

Light and Optics
The interaction between light and atmospheric particles and the colorful optical effects that result.

Clouds and Precipitation

Cloud classifications and the processes by which clouds and precipitation develop.

Forces and Winds
Forces that influence the flow of air and how they interact to produce wind.

Air Masses and Fronts
The most common types of air masses and fronts, plus a look at the different types of advection.

Weather Forecasting
General forecasting methods, important surface features, plus forecasting tips for different scenarios.

Severe Storms
The online version of NOAA's Severe Storm Spotters Guide. Investigates the different types of thunderstorms, their associated components, plus an in depth look at tornadoes.

Hurricanes
The anatomy of hurricanes, how they develop and why they are so dangerous.

El Niño
Why El Niño develops and the global impact it has on weather patterns and economics.

Hydrologic Cycle
The circulation and conservation of the earth's water.



Link:
http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/(Gh)/guides/mtr/home.rxml
 

Vince

Furacão
Registo
23 Jan 2007
Mensagens
10,624
Local
Braga
Meteorologia e Columbofilia - Escola de Meteorologia

* Atmosfera
* Calor e Temperatura
* Pressão Atmosférica
* Humidade do Ar
* Nuvens e Precipitação
* Vento
* Visibilidade
* Massas de Ar
* Frontologia
* Trovoadas
* Relâmpagos
* Tornados
* Climatologia de Portugal
* Ventos Locais
* Imagens de Satélite
* Radar Meteorológico
* Descodificar o METAR
* Tabela Sensação Térmica
* Escala de Beaufort

http://www.fpcolumbofilia.pt/meteo/main06.htm
 

Vince

Furacão
Registo
23 Jan 2007
Mensagens
10,624
Local
Braga
SatManu - MANUAL OF SYNOPTIC SATELLITE METEOROLOGY

BASICS
In this part of the Manual you will find explanations of the different satellite channels and introductions to the method of combining satellite imagery and numerical model parameters. Furthermore, there is a detailed definition of "Conceptual Model".

* Satellite channels
o Basic Channels
o Artificial and Combination Channels
* Conceptual Models - Definition
* Relation of cloud features and numerical model parameters

o Numerical parameters for synoptic- to mesoscale cloud systems
+ The Quasi-geostrophic Approach
+ Divergence
+ Vertical Motion - Omega Equation
+ Temperature Advection
+ Vorticity
+ Vorticity Advection
+ Potential Vorticity
+ Thermal Front Parameter
o Numerical parameters for small scale convective cloud systems
+ Convection and Instability
+ Cape
+ Stability Indices

* Additional Tools
o Vertical Cross Sections
o Relative Streams
* References to General Literature about Satellite Meteorology




CONCEPTUAL MODELS
In this part of the Manual, you will find a detailed description of about fifty conceptual models in different scales.

* COLD FRONT

o Arctic Cold Front
o Cold Front
o Cold Front in Cold Advection
o Cold Front in Warm Advection
o Split Front

* WARM FRONT

o Detached Warm Front
o Warm Front Band
o Warm Front Shield

* OCCLUSION

o Back-Bent Occlusion
o Cold Air Development
o Instant Occlusion
o Occlusion: Cold Conveyor Belt Type
o Occlusion: Warm Conveyor Belt Type

* BAROCLINIC BOUNDARY

o Baroclinic Boundary


* SUBSTRUCTURES IN FRONTS AND INITIAL STAGES OF CYCLOGENESIS

o Front Decay
o Front Intensification by Jet Crossing
o Rapid Cyclogenesis
o Secondary Low Centres in Occlusion Cloud Bands
o Upper Wave
o Wave

* NON-FRONTAL SYNOPTIC SCALE PHENOMENA

o Deformation Band
o Thickness Ridge Cloudiness
o Upper Level Low
o Warm Conveyor Belt

* MESOSCALE PHENOMENA

o Comma
o Convergence Cloudiness
o Enhanced Cumulus
o Jet Fibres
o Polar Low

* CONVECTIVE WEATHER FEATURES

o Cumulonimbus Cluster
o Cumulonimbus (Cb) and Mesoscale Convective System (MCS)
o CONVECTIVE CLOUD FEATURES IN TYPICAL SYNOPTIC ENVIRONMENTS

+ At the Leading Edge of Frontal Cloud Bands
+ Enhancement of Convection by PV
+ Fair Weather Conditions
+ The Warm Sector
+ The Warm Sector: Spanish Plume

* OROGRAPHICAL WEATHER FEATURES

o Barrage Cloud
o Foehn
o Orographic Effects on Frontal cloud
o Lee Cloudiness

* LOW CLOUDS

o Cloud Streets
o Fog and Stratus
o Stratocumulus Sheets

* WV STRUCTURES

o Dark Stripes
o Water Vapour Vortices

* SMALL SCALE CONCEPTUAL MODELS

o Coastal Convergence
o Convergence Lines Over Seas and Lakes
o Non-orographic Convergence Lines
o Orographically Induced Convergence Lines
o Sea-Breeze





SHORT VERSIONS
Here, all the conceptual models included in the Manual are summarized in a compact way. This is useful for quickly refreshing your knowledge.


EXERCISES
This part of the Manual contains exercises for each of the conceptual models. It can be used to test the knowledge you have gained in studying the Manual.


CASE STUDIES
In this part of the Manual, actual case studies show the applicability of the concept of "Conceptual Models".Most of the case studies have been developed for specific training courses in various parts of Europe.

* Arctic Front
o 29 - 30 January 1998

* Baroclinic Boundary
o 12 March 1996

* Cold Front
o 18 - 19 February 1996
o 12 March 1996
o 09 - 10 April 1996
o 17 April 1996
o 19 February 1997
o 29 July 1997
o 29 May 2000

* Cold Front in Cold Advection
o 09 - 10 April 1996
o 02 - 03 August 1997
o 15 - 16 March 1998

* Cold Front in Warm Advection
o 09 - 10 April 1996

* Comma
o 19 February 1997
o 02 - 03 August 1997
o 15 - 16 March 1998

* Convergence Cloudiness
o 29 July 1997
o 29 May 2000

* Cumulonimbus (Cb) and Mesoscale Convective System (MCS)
o 07 June 1997
o 29 July 1997
o 24 - 25 August 1997
o 12 - 13 November 1997
o 11 June 1998
o 14 - 15 June 1998



CATASTROPHIC WEATHER EVENTS
Here, well-known catastrophic weather events - like floods, storms or avalanches - are presented from the viewpoint of the "Conceptual Model" concept.

* Back-Bent Occlusion
o 06 - 13 August 2002 Flood Catastrophe Central Europe
* Baroclinic Boundary
o 06 - 13 August 2002 Flood Catastrophe Central Europe

* Cold Front
o 04 - 08 July 1997 Flood Catastrophe Central Europe
o 05 - 25 February 1999 Avalanche Catastrophe Alpine Area
* Cold Front in Cold Advection
o 04 - 08 July 1997 Flood Catastrophe Central Europe
* Comma
o 05 - 25 February 1999 Avalanche Catastrophe Alpine Area
* Cumulonimbus (Cb) and Mesoscale Convective System (MCS)
o 06 - 13 August 2002 Flood Catastrophe Central Europe
o 13 May 2003 Hail Catastrophe Vienna
o 04 July 2003 Hail Catastrophe Croatia
* Detached Warm Front
o 05 - 25 February 1999 Avalanche Catastrophe Alpine Area
* Enhanced Cumulus
o 04 - 08 July 1997 Flood Catastrophe Central Europe
* Front Intensification by Jet Crossing
o 04 - 08 July 1997 Flood Catastrophe Central Europe
* Lee Cloud
o 05 - 25 February 1999 Avalanche Catastrophe Alpine Area
* Occlusion
o 04 - 08 July 1997 Flood Catastrophe Central Europe
o 13 - 16 November 2001 Storm Catastrophe
* Rapid Cyclogenesis
o 25 - 28 December 1999 Storm Catastrophe Atlantic and W. Europe (France, Belgium, Germany)
o 13 - 16 November 2001 Storm Catastrophe
* Stau Cloud
o 05 - 25 February 1999 Avalanche Catastrophe Alpine Area
* Upper Level Low
o 04 - 08 July 1997 Flood Catastrophe Central Europe
o 06 - 13 August 2002 Flood Catastrophe Central Europe
* Warm Conveyor Belt
o 04 - 08 July 1997 Flood Catastrophe Central Europe
* Warm Front
o 05 - 25 February 1999 Avalanche Catastrophe Alpine Area
* Water Vapour Dark Stripes
o 13 - 16 November 2001 Storm Catastrophe
o 06 - 13 August 2002 Flood Catastrophe Central Europe
* Wave
o 06 - 13 August 2002 Flood Catastrophe Central Europe




Link:
http://www.zamg.ac.at/docu/Manual/SatManu/main.htm
 

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Identifying Cloud Types and Features

Mais um para a colecção, desta vez um Guia de identificação de nuvens por satélite. Muito bom, 65 páginas com fotografias e explicações.

guiatt2.gif


Ficheiro PDF: (2,67Mb)
http://www.southalabama.edu/meteorology/kblackwell/met492b_files/L05_Cloud_Interp.pdf
 

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Tropical Cyclone Forecasters' Reference Guide

E aqui vai mais um recurso, o manual mais completo que existe na Net sobre meteorologia e ciclogénese tropical e que é disponibilizado pelo NRL.


Tropical Cyclone Forecasters' Reference Guide

* Preface
* Acknowledgements
* Evaluation and Feedback
* Chapter 1. Tropical Cyclone Warning Support
* Chapter 2. Tropical Climatology
* Chapter 3. Tropical Cyclone Formation
* Chapter 4. Tropical Cyclone Motion
* Chapter 5. Numerical Track Forecast Guidance
* Chapter 6. Tropical Cyclone Intensity
* Chapter 7. Tropical Cyclone Structure (under construction)
* Tropical Cyclone Links and Web Sites




Link:
http://www.nrlmry.navy.mil/~chu/tropcycl.htm
 

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A influencia das situações anticiclónicas no regime da precipitação em portugal

Um artigo que classifica e aborda as diversas situações sinópticas, circulação atmosférica, tipos de bloqueio (Omega, Difluente, Cut-off high, variação anual, etc.


A INFLUENCIA DAS SITUAÇÕES ANTICICLÓNICAS NO REGIME DA PRECIPITAÇÃO EM PORTUGAL
Catarina Ramos
Finisterra, XXïl, 43, Lisboa, 1987

Link: (PDF 34 páginas 1,6Mb)
http://www.ceg.ul.pt/finisterra/numeros/1987-43/43_01.pdf





Introdução
Em Portugal, o Verão é a estação do ano em que os
anticiclones são, claramente, mais frequentes, destacando-se
destes o anticiclone Atlântico subtropical (As), o qual é nor-
malmente encimado pela faixa das altas pressões subtropicais.
Estas características da circulação atmosférica, à latitude de
Portugal, conferem ao Verão o seu tom quente e seco. Assim
sendo, a ausência das precipitações na estação estival é um
facto perfeitamente normal no clima português.

Contudo, no Inverno, a ausência das precipitações está
longe de ser urna situação excepcional. A longa duração dos
períodos anticiclónicos conduz a situações de seca que, nesta
altura do ano, têm necessariamente consequências graves nos
domínios ecológico e económico.

Pelo interesse que nos despertou este tema, a orientação
dada ao presente artigo procurou, numa primeira fase, definir
a secura invernal, tendo em conta a análise estatística das
precipitações, e, numa segunda fase, definir as situações anti-
ciclónicas que ocorrem em Portugal e detectar de entre elas
quais as responsáveis por períodos de seca invernal.
Este artigo retoma e desenvolve algumas conclusões apre-
sentadas em trabalho anterior (C. Ramos, 1985), em que se
evidencia a influencia determinante das situações de abrigo
aerológico no regime pluviométrico de Portugal Continental.

A caracterização do regime pluviométrico foi feita, por
anos climatológicos, para o período de 1950-51 a 1979-80 e
teve por base as estações da rede sinóptica portuguesa, à
excepção de Portalegre, em virtude de a sua série de valores
näo ser homogénea


b-31.gif


alt.gif
 

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AS GOTAS DE AR FRIO E O REGIME DA PRECIPITAÇÃO EM PORTUGAL
José Eduardo Ventura
Finisterra, XXII, 1987

Introdução
Neste trabalho, pretende-se mostrar a importância das
gotas frias no regime pluviométrico de Portugal. Procurou-se,
sobretudo, averiguar qual a influencia das chuvas que elas
originam na evolução do regime pluviométrico, ao longo do
ano, assim como nos contrastes espaciais, nomeadamente nos
casos em que a habitual dissimetria Norte-Sul se inverte em
favor das regiões mais meridionais.
Um dos traços que mais individualizara o regime das
precipitações do Sul do país é o dos meses chuvosos apre-
sentarem, ao contrario do que acontece no Norte, quantitativos
pluviométricos pouco diferentes. Esta característica tem espe-
cial interesse, pois traduz a importância das chuvas do fim
do Inverno e Primavera, sobretudo nos anos secos, as quais
são responsáveis pelo facto do máximo principal ocorrer mais
tardiamente no Sul do que no Norte.

Link: (PDF 1,3Mb)
http://www.ceg.ul.pt/finisterra/numeros/1987-43/43_02.pdf