Como eram e quem eram os Portugueses nativos?
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Como eram os agricultores do Neolítico (provenientes do Médio Oriente):
http://racialreality.110mb.com/neolithic.html
Um dos primeiros subtipos:
Pastor da Sardenha (com alguma mistura local).
Mais exemplos:
http://racialreality.110mb.com/neolithic.html
Um dos primeiros subtipos:
Pastor da Sardenha (com alguma mistura local).
Mais exemplos:
Fossem Celtas ou Pre-Celtas, os Lusitanos são por exelência os antepassados dos Portugueses.
http://portuguesephenotype.blogspot.pt/
É verdade, pelo menos em boa parte assim parece.
Os Celtas (como raça propriamente distinta), no fundo não existem.
A sua cultura sim, é verdadeiramente distinta.
Mas existem fenótipos claramente mais europeus, pois a mistura teve efeitos variáveis nas populações e umas misturaram-se mais que outras.
Ainda é assunto de estudo, qual a real influência celta, nos povos indigenas da P. Ibérica. Terá sido sobretudo uma transmissão cultural, como parece ser evidente com Roma, ou uma mistura global e em larga escala?
Os primeiros agricultores (logo acima) podem representar uma boa parte do aspeto dos primeiros colonizadores oriundos da Anatólia. Tem uma face bastante distinta e são pessoas que consigo de alguma forma facilmente identificar. Certamente que quando cá chegaram, deram de caras com os caçadores recoletores da P. Ibérica.
Depois irei colocar mais exemplos.
Muitos portugueses (senão a maioria) ainda são «West Mediterraneans», Ibero-Insulares e isto significa que são uma derivação dos povos indígenas da P. Ibérica (Berid e outros cromagnon) e dos Lusitanos. Tanto que até, fenótipos oriundos do Neolítico da Anatólia e arredores, são considerados relativamente exóticos, no nosso país, para os olhares mais atentos.
O elemento «East Med» em Portugal também pode ter entrado um pouco mais recentemente, com a parca influência dos Fenícios, Cartagineses, Romanos e Gregos Mas foi pouco significativa esta influência.
Há quem muito fale no poder de Roma na P. Ibérica, mas não se nota uma grande substituição da população, após Roma deixar de ter poder no nosso país.
Última edição:
E aqui está a confirmação:
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencet...years-ago-colder-climates-say-scientists.html
Berids não exitem em Portugal.
Os Berids são caracterizados como Braquicéfalos.
Já os Portugueses, são melhor caracterizados como Dolicho-Mesocéfalos.
Existem mais Berids em França e Bélgica, do há que em Portugal.
A quota escrita acima foi editada.
O que está escrito realmente no Livro "The Races of Europe" é:
"...Negroid blood, introduced into Portugal through the medium of freed slaves, has largely been absorbed..."
Isto é obviamente mentira. Já que ninguém em Portugal ouviu falar de tal coisa. Os Americanos têm uma versão completamente diferente das História de Portugal.
Os escravos foram para o Brasil trabalhar na cana de açucar, e não para Portugal.
O antropólogo Norte-Americano, Carleton S. Coon, escreveu algumas mentiras sobre of povo Português, as suas fontes foram adulteradas.
Já lhe refutaram as mentiras.
Ler aqui: http://portuguesephenotype.blogspot.pt/2013/10/coon-revoked.html
Paulo H
Cumulonimbus
João Ratão, o seu post não é muito consensual, repara que referes: "não há berids em Portugal" e pouco depois referes "há mais berids em frança e bélgica que em portugal".
Os africanos em Portugal de raça negra, fixaram-se por exemplo em algumas zonas de Setúbal, um grupo restrito é verdade, mas aconteceu. Restam os seus descendentes, já muito mestizados mas ainda com algumas características ancestrais, como o cabelo.
Os africanos em Portugal de raça negra, fixaram-se por exemplo em algumas zonas de Setúbal, um grupo restrito é verdade, mas aconteceu. Restam os seus descendentes, já muito mestizados mas ainda com algumas características ancestrais, como o cabelo.
O meu post é feito de um dilema.
Se os Berids predominam em Portugal, de acordo com Belem, então em França e Bélgica estes excedem a sua população. Já que existem em maior numero.
Africanos a viver em Portugal, não são Portugueses.
Assim como, Africanos a viver em Inglaterra não são Ingleses.
Os negros fixaram-se em Liverpool, também são eles Ingleses?
O que não faltava eram escravos em Portugal... todas as casas das mais abastadas às mais modestas tinham o seu negro de servir. Todos os estrangeiros que nos visitavam a isso se referiam dizendo que os portugueses não trabalhavam.
300 anos depois essa população passou evidentemente a ser nativa de Portugal.
blade
Cumulus
Se o quote foi editado, não foi por mim, pois foi assim que encontrei a referência na internet. Mas obrigado por referir.
Existem, mas eu nunca disse que eram os mais numerosos.
Leia bem o que escrevi sobre o assunto.
Quando escrevi «Berid predominante», referia-me naturalmente às pessoas que descrevia (pois acompanhava essa observação com provas fotográficas).
Coon's Coarse Mediterranean:
«The apparent homogeneity of the Portuguese, in a racial sense, masks the presence of several brunet Mediterranean strains, as Portuguese anthropologists are well aware. One may distinguish tall Atlanto-Mediterraneans, particularly in the southern provinces, as well as the small, extremely long-headed type found in São Pedro Mogadouro. The coarser mesocephalic strain, which dates back to Muge, may also be identified.»
Litoriden não são Berid e existe uma cruz (Berid) na Galiza.
«The true West-Mediterranean race (the Ibero-Insular race of Deniker) in southwestern Europe is low-skulled and longskulled (dolichocephalic), dark, short-statured, and gracile in body form (See Figure 3). This race has a narrow face and is low in the frequency of blood type gene q. Within this region, however, there are remnants of the still smaller Berid race (See Map 18).[/U] This race is broader-formed in face and nose, but very similar to the West-Mediterranean race in the other anthropological traits - such as head form and pigmentation. The Berid race is also low in the frequency of blood type genes p and q.»
«The southwestern European racial groups-Berids, West-Mediterraneans, and Alpines - evidently originated from shorter-statured and darker Cro-Magnids. These more southerly Cro-Magnids were less adapted to cold climate.
Most of the Berids live in the more unfavorable areas of southwestern Europe. In part they were forced there by other races. In the case of the Berids, we evidently have before us a more original type.
Hence, the more gracile West-Mediterraneans originated then in the more favorable regions of this part of Europe. Their present overly slender extreme-types are probably entirely late products of the environment. These body types - as in the case of similar types of other of the more slender races - were lacking in their actual rather near-peasant forefathers.
The Alpine race arose only rather late through brachycephalization in the poorer and colder regions of Berids and Berid-mixtures. The origins of this race can be traced back to the Neolithic period. But only in the Middle Ages is the Alpine race more strongly prominent.»
Lundman.
Na verdade, existem outros subtipos pré-históricos além dos Berid, e que até também estão presentes em Portugal.
Aconselho-o a visitar a zona de Montalegre/Barroso e arredores, por exemplo (para não falar de várias outras regiões de Portugal). Veja a população nativa e verá que existem muitos elementos nativos (bastante antigos), nesta região.
E os Berid eram sobretudo Mesocéfalicos.
Tirando uma pequena porção da zona de Alcácer do Sal/Coruche(que apenas deveria constituir uma curiosidade e não um objeto de estudo representativo da população portuguesa nativa) realmente parece-me que isso é uma grande treta e que só tem alimentado confusão no mundo dos apaixonados da Antropologia e da Ciência. Na China, não se iriam obter amostras de Portugueses para fazer um estudo genético da população local. Obviamente que as comunidades estrangeiras e seus descendentes, não deveriam fazer parte destes estudos. Isso também tem criado observações racistas contra os portugueses, que na verdade são baseadas em mentiras.
Mais sobre o tema:
«During some of the «best» times of slavery (XVI), their (slaves) numbers did totalled only about 1.6% in comparison with Portuguese population (I don´t know about the percentages in Spain and other European countries though). But even these 1,6% didn´t remained forever in Portugal, like it´s mentioned here:
"Portugal began this trade in Europe, and were the first nation to import a large number of Negroes. There was a time, in about anno Domini 1550, when Lisbon and Evora were 10 percent Negro, with the entire nation being about 1 percent so. However, the figures are misleading if not properly explained. The vast majority of Negroes in Portugal were subsequently shipped elsewhere, to Brazil primarily. The remaining ones were used as household servants and farm laborers, with many perishing in the latter capacity. There is much talk of the disproportionate absorption of Negroes into the Portuguese populace, but this is simply untrue. Certainly there was some, but no more than in the other nations discussed here, and their contribution to the overall ancestry of the Portuguese people, as well as the Spanish, Italian, French, English, Dutch and German peoples, is virtually nil. The European tended to view the Negro with suspicion and was not likely to engage in extra-curricular activity with him."
- ("Transatlantic Slavery: The Dark Passage", by Jonathan Kuzma Gill)»
Já foi feita uma avaliação sobre contribuições não caucasóides em várias populações europeias:
http://s1.zetaboards.com/anthroscape/topic/5354640/1/
A P. Ibérica está entre as regiões com menos miscigenação (e muita desta pode ser pré-histórica).
Além de que estudos de DNA nuclear confirmam isto mesmo,(que servem para estudar as contribuições genéticas ao longo das gerações) pois concluiram que Portugueses, Espanhois e Italianos, estão entre os europeus que partilharam menos antepassados em comum com outras populações. Estudos de haplogrupos maternais e paternais, também indicam uma grande estabilidade deste o período dos Lusitanos, na P. Ibérica.
Eu estive a ver um estudo sobre o mtDNA dos portugueses (que depois irei colocar aqui e descrever) que achei muito interessante.
Existe um haplogrupo, que se precisa de saber sobre os haplótipos em questão, para se ter uma ideia definitiva mas mesmo excluindo este grupo, já bem mais de 50% das amostras, apresentavam uma continuidade desde os caçadores recoletores até aos nossos dias. E eu acho que se este estudo tivesse sido feita à escala regional, os resultados ainda poderiam ser mais surpreendentes.
Mas é apenas mais uma peça a juntar ao puzzle.
Existem, mas eu nunca disse que eram os mais numerosos.
Leia bem o que escrevi sobre o assunto.
Quando escrevi «Berid predominante», referia-me naturalmente às pessoas que descrevia (pois acompanhava essa observação com provas fotográficas).
Coon's Coarse Mediterranean:
«The apparent homogeneity of the Portuguese, in a racial sense, masks the presence of several brunet Mediterranean strains, as Portuguese anthropologists are well aware. One may distinguish tall Atlanto-Mediterraneans, particularly in the southern provinces, as well as the small, extremely long-headed type found in São Pedro Mogadouro. The coarser mesocephalic strain, which dates back to Muge, may also be identified.»
Litoriden não são Berid e existe uma cruz (Berid) na Galiza.
«The true West-Mediterranean race (the Ibero-Insular race of Deniker) in southwestern Europe is low-skulled and longskulled (dolichocephalic), dark, short-statured, and gracile in body form (See Figure 3). This race has a narrow face and is low in the frequency of blood type gene q. Within this region, however, there are remnants of the still smaller Berid race (See Map 18).[/U] This race is broader-formed in face and nose, but very similar to the West-Mediterranean race in the other anthropological traits - such as head form and pigmentation. The Berid race is also low in the frequency of blood type genes p and q.»
«The southwestern European racial groups-Berids, West-Mediterraneans, and Alpines - evidently originated from shorter-statured and darker Cro-Magnids. These more southerly Cro-Magnids were less adapted to cold climate.
Most of the Berids live in the more unfavorable areas of southwestern Europe. In part they were forced there by other races. In the case of the Berids, we evidently have before us a more original type.
Hence, the more gracile West-Mediterraneans originated then in the more favorable regions of this part of Europe. Their present overly slender extreme-types are probably entirely late products of the environment. These body types - as in the case of similar types of other of the more slender races - were lacking in their actual rather near-peasant forefathers.
The Alpine race arose only rather late through brachycephalization in the poorer and colder regions of Berids and Berid-mixtures. The origins of this race can be traced back to the Neolithic period. But only in the Middle Ages is the Alpine race more strongly prominent.»
Lundman.
Na verdade, existem outros subtipos pré-históricos além dos Berid, e que até também estão presentes em Portugal.
Aconselho-o a visitar a zona de Montalegre/Barroso e arredores, por exemplo (para não falar de várias outras regiões de Portugal). Veja a população nativa e verá que existem muitos elementos nativos (bastante antigos), nesta região.
E os Berid eram sobretudo Mesocéfalicos.
Tirando uma pequena porção da zona de Alcácer do Sal/Coruche(que apenas deveria constituir uma curiosidade e não um objeto de estudo representativo da população portuguesa nativa) realmente parece-me que isso é uma grande treta e que só tem alimentado confusão no mundo dos apaixonados da Antropologia e da Ciência. Na China, não se iriam obter amostras de Portugueses para fazer um estudo genético da população local. Obviamente que as comunidades estrangeiras e seus descendentes, não deveriam fazer parte destes estudos. Isso também tem criado observações racistas contra os portugueses, que na verdade são baseadas em mentiras.
Mais sobre o tema:
«During some of the «best» times of slavery (XVI), their (slaves) numbers did totalled only about 1.6% in comparison with Portuguese population (I don´t know about the percentages in Spain and other European countries though). But even these 1,6% didn´t remained forever in Portugal, like it´s mentioned here:
"Portugal began this trade in Europe, and were the first nation to import a large number of Negroes. There was a time, in about anno Domini 1550, when Lisbon and Evora were 10 percent Negro, with the entire nation being about 1 percent so. However, the figures are misleading if not properly explained. The vast majority of Negroes in Portugal were subsequently shipped elsewhere, to Brazil primarily. The remaining ones were used as household servants and farm laborers, with many perishing in the latter capacity. There is much talk of the disproportionate absorption of Negroes into the Portuguese populace, but this is simply untrue. Certainly there was some, but no more than in the other nations discussed here, and their contribution to the overall ancestry of the Portuguese people, as well as the Spanish, Italian, French, English, Dutch and German peoples, is virtually nil. The European tended to view the Negro with suspicion and was not likely to engage in extra-curricular activity with him."
- ("Transatlantic Slavery: The Dark Passage", by Jonathan Kuzma Gill)»
Já foi feita uma avaliação sobre contribuições não caucasóides em várias populações europeias:
http://s1.zetaboards.com/anthroscape/topic/5354640/1/
A P. Ibérica está entre as regiões com menos miscigenação (e muita desta pode ser pré-histórica).
Além de que estudos de DNA nuclear confirmam isto mesmo,(que servem para estudar as contribuições genéticas ao longo das gerações) pois concluiram que Portugueses, Espanhois e Italianos, estão entre os europeus que partilharam menos antepassados em comum com outras populações. Estudos de haplogrupos maternais e paternais, também indicam uma grande estabilidade deste o período dos Lusitanos, na P. Ibérica.
Eu estive a ver um estudo sobre o mtDNA dos portugueses (que depois irei colocar aqui e descrever) que achei muito interessante.
Existe um haplogrupo, que se precisa de saber sobre os haplótipos em questão, para se ter uma ideia definitiva mas mesmo excluindo este grupo, já bem mais de 50% das amostras, apresentavam uma continuidade desde os caçadores recoletores até aos nossos dias. E eu acho que se este estudo tivesse sido feita à escala regional, os resultados ainda poderiam ser mais surpreendentes.
Mas é apenas mais uma peça a juntar ao puzzle.
Última edição:
Analyses of Stone Age settlements reveal that the hunters were healthy and would gladly eat anything they could get their hands on, including carbohydrates – contrary to the modern definition of the Paleolithic, or Stone Age diet.
The Stone Age hunter’s food contained large amounts of protein from fish, lean mean, herbs and coarse vegetables and has formed the basis of one of today’s hottest health trends: the paleo diet.
The modern version of the Stone Age diet excludes foods rich in carbohydrates. This exclusion of carbs is based on the idea that Stone Age hunters didn’t have access to bread, rice or pasta.
But is it true that Stone Age hunters and gatherers didn’t eat any carbohydrates at all?
Sabine Karg, an external lecturer at Copenhagen University’s Saxo Institute, specialises in archaeobotany. She says that Stone Age hunters, unlike many followers of the modern Stone Age diet, joyfully munched away at carbs when the opportunity presented itself.
“Carbohydrates have been part of their diet. In flooded settlements from the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic periods, traces of roots and seeds from various aquatic plants and wild grasses have been found.”
Stone Age hunters were not picky
The modern version of the paleo diet forsakes everything that’s reminiscent of bread, rice, pasta, legumes and milk.
But according to Karg, the Stone Age hunters were nowhere near that fastidious about their food.
Easily digestible food with high energy content is a welcome feature if you have to make the effort of finding the next meal yourself, and traces of foods containing carbohydrates have also been found in the old settlements.
“What archaeologists find in their excavations is dependent on both the preservation conditions and how the people had prepared their food,” says Karg. “For us, the conditions are particularly good in flooded settlements where organic material is well preserved, or in burn layers or fireplaces where we can find charred plant residues,” she says, giving an example:
“We have found seeds of wild grasses, aquatic plants and root vegetables, all of which have formed part of the hunters’ diet. Especially after an unsuccessful hunt, they had to go out and dig up roots.”
Paleo diet for 9,000 years
The Stone Age menu was widely different depending on the region, climate and season. In Denmark, people lived by hunting and gathering for more than 9,000 years until they changed their ways and became farmers.
During the course of these 9,000 years, Denmark presented the hunters with terrains ranging from frozen landscapes similar to today’s Greenland to warm islands with temperatures like those in today’s Southern European holiday destinations.
The starch sources that the archaeologists have so far found include acorns and sea beet, the latter of which is the ancestor of both the beetroot and the sugar beet.
Compared to today, the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic diets included lots of proteins, less fat and fewer, though some, carbohydrates........
http://sciencenordic.com/stone-age-hunters-liked-their-carbs
The Stone Age hunter’s food contained large amounts of protein from fish, lean mean, herbs and coarse vegetables and has formed the basis of one of today’s hottest health trends: the paleo diet.
The modern version of the Stone Age diet excludes foods rich in carbohydrates. This exclusion of carbs is based on the idea that Stone Age hunters didn’t have access to bread, rice or pasta.
But is it true that Stone Age hunters and gatherers didn’t eat any carbohydrates at all?
Sabine Karg, an external lecturer at Copenhagen University’s Saxo Institute, specialises in archaeobotany. She says that Stone Age hunters, unlike many followers of the modern Stone Age diet, joyfully munched away at carbs when the opportunity presented itself.
“Carbohydrates have been part of their diet. In flooded settlements from the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic periods, traces of roots and seeds from various aquatic plants and wild grasses have been found.”
Stone Age hunters were not picky
The modern version of the paleo diet forsakes everything that’s reminiscent of bread, rice, pasta, legumes and milk.
But according to Karg, the Stone Age hunters were nowhere near that fastidious about their food.
Easily digestible food with high energy content is a welcome feature if you have to make the effort of finding the next meal yourself, and traces of foods containing carbohydrates have also been found in the old settlements.
“What archaeologists find in their excavations is dependent on both the preservation conditions and how the people had prepared their food,” says Karg. “For us, the conditions are particularly good in flooded settlements where organic material is well preserved, or in burn layers or fireplaces where we can find charred plant residues,” she says, giving an example:
“We have found seeds of wild grasses, aquatic plants and root vegetables, all of which have formed part of the hunters’ diet. Especially after an unsuccessful hunt, they had to go out and dig up roots.”
Paleo diet for 9,000 years
The Stone Age menu was widely different depending on the region, climate and season. In Denmark, people lived by hunting and gathering for more than 9,000 years until they changed their ways and became farmers.
During the course of these 9,000 years, Denmark presented the hunters with terrains ranging from frozen landscapes similar to today’s Greenland to warm islands with temperatures like those in today’s Southern European holiday destinations.
The starch sources that the archaeologists have so far found include acorns and sea beet, the latter of which is the ancestor of both the beetroot and the sugar beet.
Compared to today, the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic diets included lots of proteins, less fat and fewer, though some, carbohydrates........
http://sciencenordic.com/stone-age-hunters-liked-their-carbs
O caso de Muge
«the Coarse Mediterranean is the type of the Mesolithic man of Muge in southern Portugal.»
«According to Biasutti, Coarse Mediterranean remains are written up as either Mediterranean or Cromagnon or both much like the burials at Muge.»
Coarse Mediterranean/Berid em certas situações são também sinónimos.
«Two 25,000-year-old skulls discovered in Dolni Vestonice (Czech Republic) were described by Jelinek as "gracile dolichomorphic" and "practically typical Mediterranean".
The Brno (Czech Republic) skull can therefore be regarded as the oldest find of the Mediterranean type.
(Jelinek 1968)
http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0011-3204(196912)10:5<475:NMAHSI>2.0.CO;2-5
Sobre este assunto já tinha colocado antes isto: «You could argue that the original Cromagnoid form of the South first reduced partly, and then split up into the more agil and mobile Westmediterranid forms (Atlantomediterranid and Gracilmediterranid, depending on regional structures and socioeconomic specialisation) and the stagnating, but partly infantilised (not brachycephalised!) Cromagnoid form of Berids and the typical sedentary farmer type of the poorer and higher areas the Westalpinid, generally reduced and brachycephalised form.
We can assume that other elements played in as well, but basically the differences are more due selection into a certain direction than original differences of respective source populations. But formally, by form and specialisation, Gracilmediterranids are obviously closer to Capellids. Berids are reduced Cromagnoids in the Mediterranoid spectrum as are Dalofaelids Cromagnoids in the Nordoid spectrum.
I would say that Berids are half-Alpinised Southern Cromagnoids. So Berids are rather the relict of what the ancestors of Westalpinids were in the past. So if looking at Westalpinids, Berids and Gracilmediterranids, we have to look at what factors, given environment (higher-lower, wet-dry, hot-cold, high-low energy, sedentary-mobile, dependent-independent structures etc, etc.) might have lead to the differences. Lundmans approach is good, My idea would be poor sedentary farmers in colder isolated environment with many plagues (especially tuberculosis) became first Westalpinid farmers and spread as typical farmer type, Berids H-G in harsh environment, so partial, but different reduction, Gracilmediterranids living in favourable and warm climate, Atlantomediterranids in areas with good nutrition and high mobility+group selection and specialised in higher social stratification.»
A associação dos Berid/Coarse Med aos caçadores recoletores de Muge, ainda não foi disputada, parece que o conjunto de informação coletada até agora, indica-nos que afinal (muito provavelmente) existe mesmo alguma continuação populacional em Portugal, desde pelo menos o período do Paleolitico Superior e o Mesolítico até aos dias de hoje.
A recombinação ou a persistência de linhas nativas locais, ocorre com mais frequência em certas regiões, mas tem sido verificada, desde as maiores cidades até aos locais mais remotos, isolados e montanhosos do país.
Contudo, claro que com o tempo e a mudança de modo de vida, já são cada vez mais minoritárias.
Muge
«Denise Ferembach (1974) could only inventory 136 "more or less complete" individuals from Cabeço da Arruda and Moita do Sebastião: 25 percent were under fifteen years of age (two-thirds of those were under five), and among the adults of all ages, from eighteen to over fifty, that could be sexed, men (sixteen) predominated over women (nine). Ferembach's study's main concern was still the establishment of a "racial diagnosis." It was concluded that the "protomediterranean" type predominated and that there were also small and gracile "cromagnoids," as well as a few "alpine" and "mixed protomediterranean-cromagnoid" people. Since this mix still exists in modern-day Portugal, a large degree of population continuity until the present was inferred.»
http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concheiros_de_Muge
«the Coarse Mediterranean is the type of the Mesolithic man of Muge in southern Portugal.»
«According to Biasutti, Coarse Mediterranean remains are written up as either Mediterranean or Cromagnon or both much like the burials at Muge.»
Coarse Mediterranean/Berid em certas situações são também sinónimos.
«Two 25,000-year-old skulls discovered in Dolni Vestonice (Czech Republic) were described by Jelinek as "gracile dolichomorphic" and "practically typical Mediterranean".
The Brno (Czech Republic) skull can therefore be regarded as the oldest find of the Mediterranean type.
(Jelinek 1968)
http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0011-3204(196912)10:5<475:NMAHSI>2.0.CO;2-5
Sobre este assunto já tinha colocado antes isto: «You could argue that the original Cromagnoid form of the South first reduced partly, and then split up into the more agil and mobile Westmediterranid forms (Atlantomediterranid and Gracilmediterranid, depending on regional structures and socioeconomic specialisation) and the stagnating, but partly infantilised (not brachycephalised!) Cromagnoid form of Berids and the typical sedentary farmer type of the poorer and higher areas the Westalpinid, generally reduced and brachycephalised form.
We can assume that other elements played in as well, but basically the differences are more due selection into a certain direction than original differences of respective source populations. But formally, by form and specialisation, Gracilmediterranids are obviously closer to Capellids. Berids are reduced Cromagnoids in the Mediterranoid spectrum as are Dalofaelids Cromagnoids in the Nordoid spectrum.
I would say that Berids are half-Alpinised Southern Cromagnoids. So Berids are rather the relict of what the ancestors of Westalpinids were in the past. So if looking at Westalpinids, Berids and Gracilmediterranids, we have to look at what factors, given environment (higher-lower, wet-dry, hot-cold, high-low energy, sedentary-mobile, dependent-independent structures etc, etc.) might have lead to the differences. Lundmans approach is good, My idea would be poor sedentary farmers in colder isolated environment with many plagues (especially tuberculosis) became first Westalpinid farmers and spread as typical farmer type, Berids H-G in harsh environment, so partial, but different reduction, Gracilmediterranids living in favourable and warm climate, Atlantomediterranids in areas with good nutrition and high mobility+group selection and specialised in higher social stratification.»
A associação dos Berid/Coarse Med aos caçadores recoletores de Muge, ainda não foi disputada, parece que o conjunto de informação coletada até agora, indica-nos que afinal (muito provavelmente) existe mesmo alguma continuação populacional em Portugal, desde pelo menos o período do Paleolitico Superior e o Mesolítico até aos dias de hoje.
A recombinação ou a persistência de linhas nativas locais, ocorre com mais frequência em certas regiões, mas tem sido verificada, desde as maiores cidades até aos locais mais remotos, isolados e montanhosos do país.
Contudo, claro que com o tempo e a mudança de modo de vida, já são cada vez mais minoritárias.
Muge
«Denise Ferembach (1974) could only inventory 136 "more or less complete" individuals from Cabeço da Arruda and Moita do Sebastião: 25 percent were under fifteen years of age (two-thirds of those were under five), and among the adults of all ages, from eighteen to over fifty, that could be sexed, men (sixteen) predominated over women (nine). Ferembach's study's main concern was still the establishment of a "racial diagnosis." It was concluded that the "protomediterranean" type predominated and that there were also small and gracile "cromagnoids," as well as a few "alpine" and "mixed protomediterranean-cromagnoid" people. Since this mix still exists in modern-day Portugal, a large degree of population continuity until the present was inferred.»
http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concheiros_de_Muge
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Mais exemplos de subtipos pré-neolíticos:
Carlos Secretário
Português (nome desconhecido)
Fernando Hierro
José Luis Ferreira
Pedro Almodovar
Amélia Muge
Eduardo Jesus
Mulher idosa do Norte de Portugal (nome indeterminado).
Carlos Secretário
Português (nome desconhecido)
Fernando Hierro
José Luis Ferreira
Pedro Almodovar
Amélia Muge
Eduardo Jesus
Mulher idosa do Norte de Portugal (nome indeterminado).
Última edição:
